Pennisetum setaceum, commonly known as fountain grass, is a popular ornamental plant and has been planted widely in areas with warm, arid climates. Forage growth and quality of pearl millet pennisetum americanum l. Descended from a wild west african grass, it was domesticated more than 4,000 years ago, probably in what is now the heart of the sahara desert see map, page 80. These are biological terms derived from the latin word for bristle, and refer to their hairlike. Pennisetum advena foreign fountaingrass pennisetum alopecuroides chinese fountaingrass pennisetum ciliare buffelgrass pennisetum.
Pennisetum definition of pennisetum by the free dictionary. Fountain grass has become invasive in hawaii and the southern continental united states, australia, the canary islands, southern europe, and. The genus contains roughly 80 species and is part of the family of true grasses, poaceae. The weed evolved through hybridization of pearl millet with a nonweedy race of p. Variability in the response of pearl millet pennisetum. Requiring very little care while providing color and. Crop science abstract apomictic interspecific hybrids. Considerable diversity definedexists within the genus pennisetum, which consists mostof over 100 species having chromosomes numbers in multiples of x5, 7, 8, or 9 oliver 1934. In conclusion, the performance of pearl millet pennisetum americanum l. Culms erect, stout, terete or grooved on the side facing a branch, branched upwards, up to 9noded with the upper nodes bearded, pubescent towards the inflorescence, otherwise glabrous and smooth. Cultural susceptibility of pennisetum setaceum to grazingbrowsing damage is typically low, but in hawaii cattle were shown to eat crimson fountaingrass when no other grasses were available.
Therefore, any cropweed hybridization carries a risk of increased aggressiveness in the weed. Improved regeneration efficiency of a pearl millet pennisetum. Pennisetum comes from the latin penna, feather, and seta. It includes such important species as pearl millet, pennisetum glaucum l. Pennisetum synonyms, pennisetum pronunciation, pennisetum translation, english dictionary definition of pennisetum. The metabolic induction was associated with aminoacyltrna biosynthesis in zea mays var. The susceptibility of pearl millet to soil water deficits at different times of growth was determined in field experiments conducted over 2 years. Abstract three high protein hp inbred lines 700112, wc. Carbohydrate status was altered by extended darkness and sucrose feeding.
Iron and zinc in vitro availability in pearl millet flours pennisetum glaucum with varying phytate, tannin, and fiber contents. The objectives of this research were to determine the cytotaxonomic relationship of these two species and to explore the feasibility. Ontogeny of somatic embryos of pennisetum americanum. Although plants of the genus pennisetum can accelerate the removal of atrazine from its rhizosphere, the roles played by this plant in adjusting the soil environment and soil microorganism properties that might contribute to pollutant removal are incompletely understood.
In mid summer to early fall, the foliage is topped with slender feathery pinkish flowers plumes, up to 15 in. Effect of the duration of the vegetative phase on shoot. Pdf effect of cutting interval and cutting height on. Lignin and hydroxycinnamic acids in walls of brown midrib. Homozygosity for the gene designated ms 2, produced in addition to pollen abortion, plasmodial tapetum, plasmodial pollen mother cells, delayed and asynchronous meiotic development, desynapsis and blockage of meiosis. This volume was digitized and made accessible online due to deterioration of the original print copy. Pennisetum americanum as a grain crop in eastern australia. Pdf growth, yield and quality performance of pearl millet. Azospirillum brasilense, a nitrogenfixing bacterium found in the rhizosphere of various grass species, was investigated to establish the effect on plant growth of growth substances produced by the bacteria.
It has spread by seed into natural areas from cultivated plants. The effect of changes in carbohydrate status on the synthesis of specific proteins was investigated in millet pennisetum americanum l. Find plants you love and create idea boards for all your projects. Red head fountain grass pennisetum alopecuroides images. This c 4 grass is included in the global compendium of weeds where it is listed as an agricultural and environmental weed as well as an invasive species randall, 2012. Pennisetum glaucum, bulrush millet, cattail millet, pearl millet type of. Plant growthprompting bacteria influenced metabolites of. Millet production guide a414 pdf, new mexico state university. Some species now in pennisetum were once members of cenchrus, and some have been moved back. A weed report from the book weed control in natural areas in the western united states crimson fountaingrass. Growth, yield and quality performance of pearl millet pennisetum. Thinlayer chromatography, highpressure liquid chromatography, and bioassay were used to separate and identify plant growth substances produced by the bacteria in liquid culture.
Certain b vitamin and phytic acid contents of pearl millet. More than 10 million ha are under cultivation in each of these regions. Where water deficit was imposed earlier in crop growth and then relieved, the time of termination of stress from flowering determined the extent of. This grass is grown as a perennial in most of florida zones 9 through 10 but is an annual in cooler climates. In particular, we were interested in the amounts of amino adds present in the form of proteins and those which were in the free amino acid pool. Fermentation of millet pennisetum americanum and pigeon. Cytogenetics of a factor for syncyte formation and male. Nutritional evaluation of high protein genotypes of pearl.
The center of diversity, and suggested area of domestication, for the crop is in the sahel zone of west africa. Dri was positively correlated with yield under drought and independent of both yield potential and time to. The aqueous extracts were prepared from leaf, bark, and fruit of the donor plant. Allelopathic potential of cassia fistula against lactuca. Recent archaeobotanical research has confirmed the presence of domesticated pearl millet on the sahel zone of northern mali. Find locations near you that offer proven winners products. Making a dramatic statement in the landscape, awardwinning pennisetum setaceum purple fountain grass is a showy ornamental grass forming a mound of gracefully, arching, narrow leaves. Of all the worlds cereals, pearl millet pennisetum glaucum 1 is the sixth most important. Pennisetum is closely related to the genus cenchrus, and the boundary between them is unclear. Mcneilly3 1crop sciences institute, national agriculture research centre, park road, islamabad, pakistan. Pearl millet pennisetum glaucum is the most widely grown type of millet. Trotter tef, to salinity in early seedling growth 175 plant and soil.
Leeke from fertile and malesterile plants at different developmental stages. Pdf forage growth and quality of pearl millet pennisetum. Flours of the unfermented seeds served as controls. Pennisetum setaceum rubrum should be planted on a welldrained site that is exposed to full sun. First report of nigrospora leaf spot on pennisetum. The only other panicoid genus the only other panicoid genus with a similar bristly inflorescence is setaria, but in that genus the bristles are not deciduous with the spikelets, instead remaining on the rachis at ma. The plants database includes the following 21 species of pennisetum.
Ganga kaveri was selected to study for its growth performance under the influence of a common tree bibba semecarpus anacardium var. Pennisetum is a large and variable genus, but the bristly, spikelike inflorescence is always readily recognizable. Root proteins from intact seedlings were labeled with 35smethionine, phenolextracted, separated by twodimensional. Sowing time and timely weed control practices assured less weed crop competition and increase. Leeke, inbred line ip 482, was found to be inherited as a monofactorial recessive phenotype. Effect of cutting interval and cutting height on yield and chemical composition of king napier grass pennisetum purpureum x pennisetum americanum. Pennisetum a genus of old world grasses genus pennisetum liliopsid genus, monocot genus genus of flowering plants having a single cotyledon in. Grain yields and yield components were expressed as ratios of stressed to nonstressed treatments.
Plants grow poorly in the partial shade unless the soil has been cleared of roots surrounding trees and shrubs. One species of the genus, pennisetum glaucum, pearl millet, has. Over 50% of variation in grain yield of breeding lines under midseason and late season drought stress proved attributable to variation in yield potential and time of flowering. It is also cultivated in north africa, but on a smaller scale.
In the current study, we examined root and shoot metabolites in two types of plants, zea mays var. Pdf 511 k pdf plus 512 k cytogenetics of a semidwarf phenotype in pearl millet, pennisetum americanum l. Media in category pennisetum glaucum the following 36 files are in this category, out of 36 total. Embryogenic callus was induced from young, unemerged inflorescences of pennisetum americanum cultured on murashige and skoogs medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4d. Rich has genes for apomixis, perennial growth habit, pest resistance, and droughtolerance which could be used to improve pearl millet. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. A pressurevolume pv and an expressed sap cryoscopic technique were compared for assessing osmotic adjustment to water stress by pearl millet pennisetum americanum l. Cenchrus was derived from pennisetum and the two are grouped in a monophyletic clade. Effect of the duration of the vegetative phase on shoot growth. A main morphological character used to distinguish them is the degree of fusion of the bristles in the. The effects of period of fermentation on the chemical composition and selected functional properties of millet pennisetum americanum and pigeon pea cajanus cajan seed flours were examined.
Synonyms for pennisetum glaucum, include pennisetum typhoides, pennisetum typhoidis, pennisetum typhoideum, pennisetum americanum, setaria glauca, setaria lutescens, panicum americanum, and panicum glaucum. Lipid components were separated by silicic acid column and thin layer chromatography tlc and quantitated by analysis of fatty acid methyl esters by gas liquid chromatography glc, with heptadecanoic acid as internal standard. In addition, pearl millet itself has undergone several changes in nomenclature, which can. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2005, 53 8, 32403247. This finding was used to develop a droughtresponse index dri based on residual variation in grain yield. Materials and methods cassia fistula was selected as the donor plant and the receptor plants selected were lactuca sativa, setaria italica and pennisetum americanum. The present study identifies the protein bound and free amino adds present in the stigmas of pennisetum americanum l. Leeke plants grown in a controlled environment cabinet. Pearl millet pennisetum glaucum plant guide usdanrcs. Weed control practices and varying sowing dates effects on.
It has been grown in africa and the indian subcontinent since prehistoric times. Osmotic adjustment to water stress in pearl millet. Pennisetum species are native to africa and asia as well as other tropical, subtropical, and temperate environments worldwide. Effect of the duration of the vegetative phase on shoot growth, development and yield in pearl millet pennisetum americanum l. The composition of lipids extracted from a sample of millet seeds by each of 8 solvent systems is reported. The second group is but poorly represented in the western hemisphere.